Vineyard Yield Estimation, Prediction, and Forecasting: A Systematic Literature Review

Purpose—knowing in advance vineyard yield is a critical success factor so growers and winemakers can achieve the best balance between vegetative reproductive growth. It also essential for planning regulatory purposes at regional level. Estimation errors are mainly due to high inter-annual spatial variability inadequate or poor performance sampling methods; therefore, improved applied methodologies needed different scales. This paper aims identify alternatives traditional estimation methods. Design/methodology/approach—this study consists of systematic literature review academic articles indexed on four databases collected based multiple query strings conducted title, abstract, keywords. The were reviewed research topic, methodology, data requirements, practical application, scale using PRISMA as guideline. Findings—the methodological approaches indirect methods primarily applicable small provide better estimates than manual sampling. Nevertheless, most these still domain lack applicability real vineyards by actual farmers. They depend computer vision image processing algorithms, data-driven models vegetation indices pollen data, relating climate, soil, vegetation, crop management variables that support dynamic simulation models. Research limitations—this work published before June 2021. Therefore, scientific outputs after this date not included. Originality/value—this contributes perceiving estimating identifying gaps future developments, supporting agenda topic. To authors’ knowledge, it first fully dedicated estimation, prediction, forecasting